Free buoyancy calculator — calculate buoyant force using F_b=ρgV (Archimedes’ principle), determine if objects float or sink, find apparent weight in water, and compute water displacement. Includes scuba diving weight calculator
Free photon energy calculator — convert between photon energy (Joules, eV), frequency (Hz to THz), wavelength (nm, μm, Å), and wavenumber (cm⁻¹). Uses E=hf and E=hc/λ with full step-by-step working and EM spectrum classification.
Free arc length calculator — find arc length of circle arcs (s=rθ), functions (∫√(1+f’²)dx), parametric and polar curves. Also finds radius from arc length using the sagitta-chord formula. Full step-by-step working
Standard atmosphere calculator — find temperature, pressure, density, and speed of sound at any altitude using the ISA model. Includes density altitude calculator, pressure altitude converter, and full ISA reference table from sea level to 80km
Air properties calculator — find density, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, specific heat (cp, cv), thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, and speed of sound at any temperature. Includes molar mass of air (28.9647 g/mol) and a complete reference table from −50°C to 1000°C
Free density calculator — solve ρ=m/V for density, mass, or volume, find density of cylinders and spheres, use water displacement, and look up water density in kg/m³, lb/ft³, g/cm³, and lb/gal at any temperature
Free uniform circular motion calculator — solve for period, frequency, angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, and normal force. Full UCM formula reference and AP Physics 1 worked examples
Free force calculator solve F = ma for force, mass or acceleration, calculate net force from multiple forces, find applied force with friction, and compute average force using impulse-momentum theorem. Full step-by-step working
Free gravitational potential energy calculator – solve GPE = mgh for any variable, calculate ΔGPE between two heights, compute gravitational force with Newton’s law. All planets included with step-by-step working
Free average acceleration calculator – solve a = (vf−vi)/t, find acceleration from distance and time, acceleration without time using vf²=vi²+2ad, and centripetal acceleration. Full step-by-step working