How do you find the number of electrons in an ion?

Electrons = Atomic Number (Z) − Ionic Charge. For a neutral atom, charge = 0, so electrons = protons. For a cation (positive charge), electrons are fewer: Na⁺ has 11 − 1 = 10 electrons. For an anion (negative charge), electrons are more: Cl⁻ has 17 − (−1) = 18 electrons.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same atomic number Z, same proton count) that have different numbers of neutrons, giving them different mass numbers. For example, Carbon-12 (6 protons, 6 neutrons) and Carbon-14 (6 protons, 8 neutrons) are both carbon isotopes. Isotopes have identical chemical properties but different nuclear stability and mass.

Atomic Number Calculator — Protons, Neutrons & Electrons from Any Element

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Atomic Number Calculator

Q: How do you find the number of neutrons?

Neutrons = Mass Number (A) − Atomic Number (Z). For example, Carbon-12: neutrons = 12 − 6 = 6. If only the atomic mass is given, round it to the nearest whole number to get the mass number. For Iron-56: neutrons = 56 − 26 = 30.

Q: What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?

The atomic number (Z) counts only protons in the nucleus and identifies the element. The mass number (A) counts all nucleons — protons plus neutrons. Atomic number never changes for an element; mass number varies between isotopes. Example: Carbon always has Z=6, but Carbon-12 has A=12 (6 neutrons) while Carbon-14 has A=14 (8 neutrons).

Q: How do you write electron configuration?

Electron configuration is written by filling subshells in order of increasing energy using the Aufbau principle: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p... Each subshell holds a maximum number of electrons (s=2, p=6, d=10). For example, Carbon (Z=6): 1s² 2s² 2p². Sodium (Z=11): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹. Notable exceptions: Chromium (Z=24) is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ and Copper (Z=29) is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ due to half-filled and full d-subshell stability.

Q: How do you use the atomic number calculator?

Enter an element name, symbol, or atomic number. Optionally enter a mass number (for isotopes) and ionic charge (for ions). The calculator instantly returns the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, mass number, electron configuration, and isotope notation. You can also click any element on the mini periodic table to auto-fill all fields.

Find protons, neutrons, and electrons for any element or isotope. Calculate electron configuration, identify ions from charge states, and explore the periodic table — with step-by-step working for every result.

Protons, Neutrons & Electrons Calculator

Element Name

Symbol

Atomic Number (Z)

Mass Number A (optional) Leave blank to use standard atomic mass

Ionic Charge (optional) Positive = cation, Negative = anion, 0 = neutral

C — Carbon Z=6

H — Hydrogen Z=1

O — Oxygen Z=8

Na⁺ — Sodium ion

Cl⁻ — Chloride ion

Fe³⁺ — Iron(III)

Ca²⁺ — Calcium ion

Ne — Neon Z=10

Cu — Copper Z=29

Kr — Krypton Z=36

Error

C Z = 6

Carbon

Z = 6 nonmetal Period 2 Group 14

Atomic Mass: 12.011 u

¹²₆C

🔴

Protons

= Atomic Number Z

⚪

Neutrons

= A − Z

🔵

Electrons

= Z (neutral)

⚛️

Mass Number

= p⁺ + n⁰

Atomic Structure Details

Nuclear notation¹²₆C

Nucleus composition6 protons + 6 neutrons = 12 nucleons

Ion statusNeutral atom

Ion notation—

Standard atomic mass12.011 u

Period / GroupPeriod 2, Group 14

Categorynonmetal

Electron Configuration

1s² 2s² 2p²

Step-by-Step Working

Isotope Calculator

Find protons and neutrons for any isotope. Enter an element + either mass number or neutron count.

Element (name, symbol, or Z)

Mass Number A

— OR — Neutron Count Fill either Mass Number OR Neutron Count — not both.

Error

Carbon-14

Isotope of Carbon (Z = 6)

Protons

Neutrons

Mass No.

Radioactive — Half-life: 5,730 years | Use: Radiocarbon dating

Periodic Table — Click Any Element

Click any element to load it into the main calculator. First 36 elements shown.

Nonmetal Alkali Metal Alkaline Earth Transition Metal Noble Gas Metalloid Metal Halogen

Complete Element Reference Table — First 36 Elements

All proton, neutron, and electron counts for neutral atoms using the most abundant isotope. Click any row to load into the calculator.

Z	Symbol	Name	Atomic Mass	Protons	Neutrons*	Electrons	Period	Group	Category
1	H	Hydrogen	1.008	1	0	1	1	1	nonmetal
2	He	Helium	4.003	2	2	2	1	18	noble gas
3	Li	Lithium	6.941	3	4	3	2	1	alkali metal
4	Be	Beryllium	9.012	4	5	4	2	2	alkaline earth
5	B	Boron	10.811	5	6	5	2	13	metalloid
6	C	Carbon	12.011	6	6	6	2	14	nonmetal
7	N	Nitrogen	14.007	7	7	7	2	15	nonmetal
8	O	Oxygen	15.999	8	8	8	2	16	nonmetal
9	F	Fluorine	18.998	9	10	9	2	17	halogen
10	Ne	Neon	20.180	10	10	10	2	18	noble gas
11	Na	Sodium	22.990	11	12	11	3	1	alkali metal
12	Mg	Magnesium	24.305	12	12	12	3	2	alkaline earth
13	Al	Aluminum	26.982	13	14	13	3	13	metal
14	Si	Silicon	28.086	14	14	14	3	14	metalloid
15	P	Phosphorus	30.974	15	16	15	3	15	nonmetal
16	S	Sulfur	32.060	16	16	16	3	16	nonmetal
17	Cl	Chlorine	35.453	17	18	17	3	17	halogen
18	Ar	Argon	39.948	18	22	18	3	18	noble gas
19	K	Potassium	39.098	19	20	19	4	1	alkali metal
20	Ca	Calcium	40.078	20	20	20	4	2	alkaline earth
21	Sc	Scandium	44.956	21	24	21	4	3	transition metal
22	Ti	Titanium	47.867	22	26	22	4	4	transition metal
23	V	Vanadium	50.942	23	28	23	4	5	transition metal
24	Cr	Chromium	51.996	24	28	24	4	6	transition metal
25	Mn	Manganese	54.938	25	30	25	4	7	transition metal
26	Fe	Iron	55.845	26	30	26	4	8	transition metal
27	Co	Cobalt	58.933	27	32	27	4	9	transition metal
28	Ni	Nickel	58.693	28	30	28	4	10	transition metal
29	Cu	Copper	63.546	29	34	29	4	11	transition metal
30	Zn	Zinc	65.380	30	35	30	4	12	transition metal
31	Ga	Gallium	69.723	31	39	31	4	13	metal
32	Ge	Germanium	72.630	32	41	32	4	14	metalloid
33	As	Arsenic	74.922	33	42	33	4	15	metalloid
34	Se	Selenium	78.960	34	45	34	4	16	nonmetal
35	Br	Bromine	79.904	35	45	35	4	17	halogen
36	Kr	Krypton	83.798	36	48	36	4	18	noble gas

* Neutrons shown for most abundant natural isotope (rounded atomic mass)

Atomic Number Calculator — Find Protons, Neutrons & Electrons

This atomic number calculator finds the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any element or isotope instantly. Enter an element name, symbol, or atomic number Z — optionally add a mass number for isotopes or an ionic charge for ions — and the protons neutrons and electrons calculator returns all four subatomic particle counts with complete step-by-step working, electron configuration, and isotope notation.

Quick formula: Protons = Z (atomic number) · Neutrons = A − Z (mass number minus atomic number) · Electrons = Z − charge (for ions; charge = 0 for neutral atoms)

Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Atomic Structure

Every atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. The atomic number (Z) is the defining characteristic of each element — it counts the number of protons in the nucleus and cannot change without changing the element itself.

Atomic Number (Z) = Number of Protons Z uniquely identifies every chemical element in the periodic table

Mass Number (A)

The mass number (A) is the total count of nucleons — protons plus neutrons — in the nucleus. Because electrons are so light (about 1/1836 the mass of a proton), they contribute negligible mass to the atom.

A = Protons + Neutrons → Neutrons = A − Z Mass number = total nucleons in the nucleus

Nuclear Notation ᴬᴢX

Scientists write isotopes using nuclear notation: the mass number A as a superscript and the atomic number Z as a subscript, both to the left of the element symbol. For example, Carbon-12 is written ¹²₆C, meaning A=12, Z=6, symbol=C.

Electrons in Neutral Atoms and Ions

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons (Z). When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion:

Cation (positive charge, +): lost electrons → electrons = Z − charge
Anion (negative charge, −): gained electrons → electrons = Z − charge (charge is negative, so subtracting a negative adds electrons)

Electrons = Z − ionic charge Neutral atom: charge=0, so electrons=Z. Na⁺: 11−1=10. Cl⁻: 17−(−1)=18.

How to Find Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons — Step-by-Step

Follow this four-step method to find protons, neutrons, and electrons for any element or ion. This is the core method used by our protons neutrons and electrons calculator.

Step 1 — Find the atomic number Z: Look up the element on the periodic table. The atomic number Z equals the number of protons. Carbon: Z=6, so protons=6.
Step 2 — Find or determine the mass number A: If given an isotope (e.g. Carbon-14), A is in the name. Otherwise, round the standard atomic mass to the nearest whole number (Carbon: 12.011 → A=12).
Step 3 — Calculate neutrons: Neutrons = A − Z. Carbon-12: 12 − 6 = 6 neutrons. Carbon-14: 14 − 6 = 8 neutrons.
Step 4 — Calculate electrons (accounting for charge): Electrons = Z − ionic charge. Neutral atom: same as Z. For Fe³⁺: electrons = 26 − 3 = 23.

Example 1 — Carbon neutral atom (C, Z=6, A=12, charge=0)

Protons = Z = 6
Neutrons = A − Z = 12 − 6 = 6
Electrons = Z − charge = 6 − 0 = 6
Notation: ¹²₆C | Config: 1s² 2s² 2p²

Example 2 — Chloride ion (Cl⁻, Z=17, A=35, charge=−1)

Protons = Z = 17
Neutrons = 35 − 17 = 18
Electrons = 17 − (−1) = 18 (gained 1 electron → anion)
Notation: ³⁵₁₇Cl⁻ | Has same electron count as Argon (isoelectronic)

Example 3 — Iron(III) ion (Fe³⁺, Z=26, A=56, charge=+3)

Protons = Z = 26
Neutrons = 56 − 26 = 30
Electrons = 26 − 3 = 23 (lost 3 electrons → cation)
Config neutral Fe: [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² → Fe³⁺ config: [Ar] 3d⁵

Example 4 — Sodium ion (Na⁺, Z=11, A=23, charge=+1)

Protons = 11
Neutrons = 23 − 11 = 12
Electrons = 11 − 1 = 10
Na⁺ is isoelectronic with Neon (both have 10 electrons)

Isotopes — Same Protons, Different Neutrons

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (same atomic number Z) but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers A. Isotopes of an element have identical chemical behavior but different nuclear stability and mass.

The classic example is carbon: Carbon-12 (Z=6, A=12, 6 neutrons) makes up 98.93% of natural carbon and is the basis of the atomic mass scale. Carbon-14 (Z=6, A=14, 8 neutrons) is radioactive with a half-life of 5,730 years — the basis of radiocarbon dating.

Key rule for isotopes: neutrons = A − Z. Change A, keep Z — same element, different isotope. Carbon always has 6 protons. C-12 has 6 neutrons. C-14 has 8 neutrons.

Isotope	Z (Protons)	A (Mass No.)	Neutrons	Stable?	Natural Abundance / Half-life
Carbon-12 (C-12)	6	12	6	✅	98.93%
Carbon-14 (C-14)	6	14	8	☢️	Half-life: 5,730 years
Hydrogen-1 (H-1)	1	1	0	✅	99.98%
Hydrogen-2 (D)	1	2	1	✅	0.0115% — Deuterium
Hydrogen-3 (T)	1	3	2	☢️	Half-life: 12.32 years — Tritium
Iron-56 (Fe-56)	26	56	30	✅	91.75%
Uranium-235	92	235	143	☢️	Half-life: 703.8 million years
Uranium-238	92	238	146	☢️	Half-life: 4.47 billion years

Ions — How Charge Affects Electron Count

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a net electrical charge. The number of protons and neutrons does not change when an ion forms — only the electron count changes.

Cations — Positive Ions (lost electrons)

When an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged. The more electrons lost, the higher the positive charge. Metals commonly form cations.

Na⁺ (Sodium): Z=11, lost 1 electron → 10 electrons (same as Ne)
Ca²⁺ (Calcium): Z=20, lost 2 electrons → 18 electrons (same as Ar)
Fe³⁺ (Iron III): Z=26, lost 3 electrons → 23 electrons
Al³⁺ (Aluminum): Z=13, lost 3 electrons → 10 electrons

Anions — Negative Ions (gained electrons)

When an atom gains electrons it becomes negatively charged. Nonmetals commonly form anions.

Cl⁻ (Chloride): Z=17, gained 1 electron → 18 electrons (same as Ar)
O²⁻ (Oxide): Z=8, gained 2 electrons → 10 electrons (same as Ne)
F⁻ (Fluoride): Z=9, gained 1 electron → 10 electrons (same as Ne)
S²⁻ (Sulfide): Z=16, gained 2 electrons → 18 electrons (same as Ar)

Isoelectronic species have the same number of electrons but different atomic numbers. Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, F⁻, O²⁻, and Ne all have 10 electrons and are isoelectronic with neon.

Electron Configuration from Atomic Number

The electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed among atomic orbitals. Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, following the Aufbau principle. The filling order is: 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p.

Each subshell holds a maximum number of electrons: s = 2, p = 6, d = 10, f = 14.

Element (Z)	Symbol	Electron Configuration	Notes
Hydrogen (1)	H	1s¹
Helium (2)	He	1s²	First noble gas
Lithium (3)	Li	1s² 2s¹
Carbon (6)	C	1s² 2s² 2p²
Neon (10)	Ne	1s² 2s² 2p⁶	Full 2p shell
Sodium (11)	Na	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
Argon (18)	Ar	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶	Full 3p shell
Potassium (19)	K	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹	4s fills before 3d
Calcium (20)	Ca	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
Chromium (24)	Cr	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁵ 4s¹	⚠️ Exception — half-filled 3d
Copper (29)	Cu	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹	⚠️ Exception — full 3d
Zinc (30)	Zn	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s²
Krypton (36)	Kr	1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶	Full 4p shell

Exceptions — Chromium and Copper: Chromium (Z=24) has [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ instead of [Ar] 3d⁴ 4s² because a half-filled d subshell (3d⁵) provides extra stability. Copper (Z=29) has [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ instead of [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s² because a completely filled d subshell (3d¹⁰) is especially stable.

Worked Examples — 8 Problems

Problem 1: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Oxygen-16 (neutral)

Z = 8 → Protons = 8
A = 16, Neutrons = 16 − 8 = 8
Charge = 0, Electrons = 8 − 0 = 8
Config: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴

Problem 2: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Calcium ion Ca²⁺ (A=40)

Z = 20 → Protons = 20
Neutrons = 40 − 20 = 20
Electrons = 20 − 2 = 18 (isoelectronic with Ar)

Problem 3: Element has 15 protons — what is it?

Z = 15 → Element is Phosphorus (P)
Standard mass = 30.974, so A = 31
Neutrons = 31 − 15 = 16, Electrons = 15 (neutral)
Config: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

Problem 4: Find neutrons in Uranium-238

Uranium: Z = 92
Neutrons = A − Z = 238 − 92 = 146 neutrons

Problem 5: An atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons — identify it and find electrons if charge = −1

Z = 17 → Chlorine (Cl)
Mass number = 17 + 18 = 35 → this is Cl-35
Electrons = 17 − (−1) = 18 → Cl⁻ (chloride ion)

Problem 6: Write the electron configuration for Potassium (Z=19)

Fill in order: 1s(2), 2s(2), 2p(6), 3s(2), 3p(6) = 18 electrons used
Remaining: 19 − 18 = 1 electron → goes into 4s
Config: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

Problem 7: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Iron-56 as Fe²⁺

Z = 26 → Protons = 26
Neutrons = 56 − 26 = 30
Electrons = 26 − 2 = 24

Problem 8: An ion has 10 electrons and 8 protons — what is the charge?

Electrons = Z − charge → 10 = 8 − charge → charge = 8 − 10 = −2
Z = 8 → Oxygen, ion is O²⁻ (oxide ion)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the atomic number?

The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies a chemical element — every atom of carbon has Z=6, every oxygen atom has Z=8. The atomic number determines the element's position on the periodic table, its chemical properties, and the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Our atomic number calculator uses Z as the primary input to find all subatomic particle counts.

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Neutrons = Mass Number (A) − Atomic Number (Z). For Carbon-12: neutrons = 12 − 6 = 6. If only the standard atomic mass is given, round it to the nearest whole number to get A. For example, Iron has atomic mass 55.845 → round to 56 → neutrons = 56 − 26 = 30. Use this protons neutrons and electrons calculator to do this automatically.

How do you find electrons in an ion?

Electrons = Atomic Number (Z) − Ionic Charge. For neutral atoms: charge = 0, so electrons = protons. For cations (positive): Na⁺ has 11 − 1 = 10 electrons. For anions (negative): Cl⁻ has 17 − (−1) = 18 electrons. Fe³⁺ has 26 − 3 = 23 electrons.

What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?

The atomic number (Z) counts only protons and identifies the element — it never changes for a given element. The mass number (A) counts all nucleons (protons + neutrons) and varies between isotopes. Carbon always has Z=6, but Carbon-12 has A=12 (6 neutrons) while Carbon-14 has A=14 (8 neutrons). Our periodic table calculator shows both values for every element.

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same Z, same proton count) with different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers A). They have identical chemical properties but different nuclear stability. Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are both carbon isotopes. Stable isotopes do not decay; radioactive isotopes decay over time with a characteristic half-life.

How do you write electron configuration?

Fill subshells in the Aufbau order (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p…) until all electrons are placed. Each subshell can hold: s=2, p=6, d=10 electrons. For Sodium (Z=11): 1s²(2) 2s²(4) 2p⁶(10) 3s¹(11) = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹. Notable exceptions: Chromium (Z=24) and Copper (Z=29) deviate from predicted filling order due to extra stability of half-filled and fully-filled d subshells.

How do you use the atomic number calculator?

Enter an element name (e.g. "Carbon"), symbol (e.g. "C"), or atomic number (e.g. "6") into the element calculator. Optionally add a mass number A for isotope calculations, or an ionic charge for ion calculations. Click "Find Protons, Neutrons & Electrons" and the atom calculator instantly shows all results with step-by-step working. You can also click any element on the mini periodic table to auto-fill the fields.

Related Calculators

Quick Formulas

Protons = Z (atomic number)Defines the element

Neutrons = A − ZMass number minus atomic number

Electrons = Z − chargeNeutral: charge=0, so e=Z

A = protons + neutronsTotal nucleons

Cation: e = Z − |charge|Lost electrons → positive

Anion: e = Z + |charge|Gained electrons → negative

Config: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3dAufbau filling order

Common Elements

H — Hydrogen Z=1

C — Carbon Z=6

O — Oxygen Z=8

N — Nitrogen Z=7

Na⁺ — Sodium ion

Cl⁻ — Chloride ion

Fe³⁺ — Iron III

Ca²⁺ — Calcium

Cu — Copper Z=29

Ar — Argon Z=18

Related Tools

Atomic Number Calculator — Protons, Neutrons & Electrons from Any Element

Atomic Number Calculator

Atomic Number Calculator — Find Protons, Neutrons & Electrons

Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Atomic Structure

Mass Number (A)

Nuclear Notation ᴬᴢX

Electrons in Neutral Atoms and Ions

How to Find Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons — Step-by-Step

Example 1 — Carbon neutral atom (C, Z=6, A=12, charge=0)

Example 2 — Chloride ion (Cl⁻, Z=17, A=35, charge=−1)

Example 3 — Iron(III) ion (Fe³⁺, Z=26, A=56, charge=+3)

Example 4 — Sodium ion (Na⁺, Z=11, A=23, charge=+1)

Isotopes — Same Protons, Different Neutrons

Ions — How Charge Affects Electron Count

Cations — Positive Ions (lost electrons)

Anions — Negative Ions (gained electrons)

Electron Configuration from Atomic Number

Worked Examples — 8 Problems

Problem 1: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Oxygen-16 (neutral)

Problem 2: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Calcium ion Ca²⁺ (A=40)

Problem 3: Element has 15 protons — what is it?

Problem 4: Find neutrons in Uranium-238

Problem 5: An atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons — identify it and find electrons if charge = −1

Problem 6: Write the electron configuration for Potassium (Z=19)

Problem 7: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Iron-56 as Fe²⁺

Problem 8: An ion has 10 electrons and 8 protons — what is the charge?

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Calculators

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Atomic Number Calculator — Protons, Neutrons & Electrons from Any Element

Atomic Number Calculator

Atomic Number Calculator — Find Protons, Neutrons & Electrons

Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Atomic Structure

Mass Number (A)

Nuclear Notation ᴬᴢX

Electrons in Neutral Atoms and Ions

How to Find Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons — Step-by-Step

Example 1 — Carbon neutral atom (C, Z=6, A=12, charge=0)

Example 2 — Chloride ion (Cl⁻, Z=17, A=35, charge=−1)

Example 3 — Iron(III) ion (Fe³⁺, Z=26, A=56, charge=+3)

Example 4 — Sodium ion (Na⁺, Z=11, A=23, charge=+1)

Isotopes — Same Protons, Different Neutrons

Ions — How Charge Affects Electron Count

Cations — Positive Ions (lost electrons)

Anions — Negative Ions (gained electrons)

Electron Configuration from Atomic Number

Worked Examples — 8 Problems

Problem 1: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Oxygen-16 (neutral)

Problem 2: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Calcium ion Ca²⁺ (A=40)

Problem 3: Element has 15 protons — what is it?

Problem 4: Find neutrons in Uranium-238

Problem 5: An atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons — identify it and find electrons if charge = −1

Problem 6: Write the electron configuration for Potassium (Z=19)

Problem 7: Find protons, neutrons, electrons for Iron-56 as Fe²⁺

Problem 8: An ion has 10 electrons and 8 protons — what is the charge?

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Calculators

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